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Sickle Cell Anemia Definition : Cause And Symptom | HealthShare.ga - sickle cell anemia definition is a type of anemia that is passed down from parents to their children.
Anemia is due to there are not enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body.
Normally, red blood cells are round and flexible and easy to move through the blood vessels.
In sickle cell anemia, red blood cells become stiff and sticky and shaped like a sickle or crescent.
Cells are irregularly shaped as it can get stuck in small blood vessels that slow or block blood flow and oxygen to other body parts.
There is no cure for most cases of sickle cell anemia. However, treatment can reduce symptoms and prevent complications that may arise.
Symptom
Anemia is due to there are not enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body.
Normally, red blood cells are round and flexible and easy to move through the blood vessels.
In sickle cell anemia, red blood cells become stiff and sticky and shaped like a sickle or crescent.
Cells are irregularly shaped as it can get stuck in small blood vessels that slow or block blood flow and oxygen to other body parts.
There is no cure for most cases of sickle cell anemia. However, treatment can reduce symptoms and prevent complications that may arise.
Symptom
Signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia usually appears after a 4-month-old baby and includes:
1. Anemia
Sickle cells are fragile and easily broken and die, thus making the sufferer shortage of red blood cells.
Red blood cells normally live for about 120 days before they die and new cells replaced.
However, sickle cells die within 10 to 20 days to trigger a shortage of red blood cells, known as anemia.
Without enough red blood cells, the body can not get the oxygen it needs, causing fatigue.
2. Pain
Pain occurs when red blood cells are sickle shaped block blood flow in the chest, abdomen and joints.
Pain can also occur in the bones. The pain of varying intensity and lasted several hours to several weeks.
In most cases, the pain can be so intense that require hospitalization.
3. Symptoms in the hands and feet
Swollen hands and feet are the first sign of sickle cell anemia in infants.
This swelling is caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that block blood flow to the hands and feet.
4. Frequent infections
Sickle cells can damage the spleen or organ in charge of fighting infection. This makes patients more susceptible to infection.
The doctor may prescribe antibiotics to infants and children with sickle cell anemia to prevent life-threatening infections, such as pneumonia.
5. The delay in growth
Red blood cells carry oxygen and nutrients needed for growth.
Shortage of healthy red blood cells may slow growth in infants and children as well as the delay puberty in adolescence.
6. Vision problems
Most people with sickle cell anemia experiencing vision problems due to small blood vessels leading to the eye becomes blocked by sickle cell.
Cause Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the gene that tells the body to make hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.
At sickle cell anemia, abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells become stiff, sticky, and deformed.
Sickle cell gene derived from a parent with a pattern called autosomal recessive inheritance.
This means that both mothers and fathers should have the defective gene for a child to be affected.
With only one normal hemoglobin gene and one defective gene, then that person is generally no symptoms, but became "carrier" which may bequeath to their children.
Risk Factor Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia risk of having greater when a person has a parent with the gene carrier.
Sickle cell anemia is more common in African, Indian, Mediterranean, Saudi Arabia, and South and Central America
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