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WHAT is diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is a fairly rare condition, with symptoms always feel thirsty and at the same time frequently to urinate in very much. If severe, the sufferer can release as much as 20 liters of urine a day.
Diabetes insipidus itself is different with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by long-term blood sugar levels above normal. Diabetes insipidus, on the other hand not related to blood sugar levels.
Diabetes insipidus itself is different with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by long-term blood sugar levels above normal. Diabetes insipidus, on the other hand not related to blood sugar levels.
WHAT SYMPTOMS diabetes insipidus
The main symptoms of diabetes insipidus are always feeling thirsty and frequent urination in large quantities. You will always be haunted by the feeling of thirst despite drinking a lot of water.
The amount of urine diabetes insipidus issued each day is around 3-20 liters, ranging from a mild case of diabetes insipidus up to the most severe cases. Patients experienced urinary this condition could as much as 3-4 times per hour.
Symptoms that appear above could interfere with daily activities as well as your sleep patterns. The result will appear fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating in performing daily activities.
Diabetes insipidus in children may be more difficult to identify, let alone the child is not able to communicate properly. Symptoms in children who suffer with diabetes insipidus are:
The amount of urine diabetes insipidus issued each day is around 3-20 liters, ranging from a mild case of diabetes insipidus up to the most severe cases. Patients experienced urinary this condition could as much as 3-4 times per hour.
Symptoms that appear above could interfere with daily activities as well as your sleep patterns. The result will appear fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating in performing daily activities.
Diabetes insipidus in children may be more difficult to identify, let alone the child is not able to communicate properly. Symptoms in children who suffer with diabetes insipidus are:
- Bedwetting at bedtime.
- Easily irritated or angry.
- Excessive crying.
- High body temperature, or hyperthermia.
- Weight loss for no apparent reason.
- Loss of appetite.
- Feel fatigue and exhaustion.
- Slower growth.
Be sure to immediately see a doctor if you experience two of the main symptoms of diabetes insipidus, which is always feeling thirsty and frequent urination in large quantities.
WHAT CAUSES diabetes insipidus
The hypothalamus, in the brain tissue that control mood and appetite, is the organ that produces antidiuretic hormone. These hormones will be stored in the pituitary gland until it is needed. The pituitary gland itself is under the brain, and is behind the bridge of the nose. This gland releases antidiuretic hormone when the body's water content decreases to stop the production of urine in the kidney.
Diabetes insipidus occurs when disturbed antidiuretic hormone in regulating the water content of the body. As a result, the body produces a lot of urine and remove the water in very much.
The following is a further explanation of the two types of diabetes insipidus.
Diabetes insipidus occurs when disturbed antidiuretic hormone in regulating the water content of the body. As a result, the body produces a lot of urine and remove the water in very much.
The following is a further explanation of the two types of diabetes insipidus.
Diabetes insipidus Cranial
This is a condition when the body does not produce enough antidiuretic hormone and the resulting amount of water wasted in the urine. Listed below are some of the most common causes of this type of diabetes insipidus, namely:
About 16 percent of cases of cranial diabetes insipidus is caused due to a severe head injury that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.
About 20 percent of cases of cranial diabetes insipidus is caused due to complications from brain surgery that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.
About 25 percent of cases of cranial diabetes insipidus is caused due to a brain tumor that damages the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.
Here are some of the causes of cranial diabetes insipidus rarer.
- Brain cancer.
- Lack of oxygen to the brain due to a stroke, for example.
- The occurrence of infections that damage the brain, such as encephalitis and meningitis.
- Wolfarm syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that can lead to loss of sight.
Approximately 1 out of 3 cases of cranial diabetes insipidus unknown cause.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
This is a condition when the antidiuretic hormone is produced in accordance with the levels required by the body. But the kidneys are not sensitive or does not respond to these hormones.
Antidiuretic hormone would normally send signals to the network nephrons in the kidney. Nephron is a small structure that controls how much water is absorbed by the body and how much water is released in the form of urine. For people who suffer from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, signaling process is interrupted. As a result, people who experience it will always feel thirsty because urine is wasted in large numbers. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus itself is divided into two types:
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, known as congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Congenital nephrogenic diabetes sufferers are born with this condition. There are two types of mutations or genetic changes that cause congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which is AVPR2 and AQP2. AVPR2 genetic mutations can only be transmitted from mother to son. Mutations of this type occurred in 9 of 10 patients. Whereas AQP2 genetic mutation occurs in 1 out of 10 cases of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and can affect both men and women.
Acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Patients with this type of diabetes insipidus was not born with this condition. Factors causing acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is the most common side effects of lithium. Lithium itself is a drug used to treat bipolar disorder. If consumed in the long term, the cells of the kidney organ can be damaged and then no longer able to respond to antidiuretic hormone. Nearly 50 percent of people will develop nephrogenic diabetes insipidus when taking these drugs in the long term. Be sure to check kidney once every three months as long as you are taking lithium. Another cause of this condition other than lithium are:
Pyelonephritis or kidney infection. Kidney damage due to infection.
Urinary tract obstruction. Inhibition of one or both of the urinary tract that connects the kidney to the bladder, such as kidney stones.
Hyperkalemia. Excessive amounts of calcium in the blood that can damage the kidneys.
Hypokalemia. The amount of potassium in the blood slightly, whereas all cells in the body needs potassium to work properly.
HOW TO TREAT diabetes insipidus
Treatment depends on the type of diabetes insipidus suffered. Treatments were carried out aiming to reduce the amount of urine produced by the body and control the symptoms.
Treatment of diabetes insipidus Cranial
If you produce 3-4 liters of urine in a day (24 hours), the condition is considered a mild cranial diabetes insipidus. This condition does not require special treatment. You can relieve symptoms by increasing your consumption of water to avoid dehydration. The doctor will suggest at least consume 2.5 liters in one day.
If the condition is severe enough that you naturally and caused by low production of antidiuretic hormone, then consume a lot of water is not enough to relieve symptoms. Here are some drugs that may be used to treat conditions experienced.
Desmopressin. This drug functions as antidiuretic hormone. This drug will stop the production of urine. Desmopressin is an artificial antidiuretic hormone and has a more powerful functions than the original hormone. This medicine can be shaped nasal spray or tablets. Possible side effects are headache, abdominal pain, nausea, nosebleeds, or runny or stuffy nose. To know more about this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Thiazide diuretics. This medication serves to make the urine becomes more concentrated by reducing the water content. Side effects that may occur as a result of this drug are dizziness when standing, indigestion, skin becomes more sensitive, and for men, suffer from erectile dysfunction.
Anti-inflammatory drugs Non-steroidal. If this group of drugs in combination with thiazide diuretics, these drugs can reduce the amount of urine that is excreted by the body.
Treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
If the condition that you experience are caused by drugs such as lithium and tetracycline, hormonal disease specialist doctor will ask you to stop taking them and look for a replacement drug. If not recommended by a doctor, do not stop taking the drug that has been prescribed by a doctor.
If kidney disorder and can not respond to antidiuretic hormone, causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, then you would be advised to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. Drug desmopressin can not cope with this condition.
Reducing salt intake will also help the kidneys to save water and reduce the volume of urine. Be sure to consult with your doctor before changing your diet. To reduce the amount of urine output from the kidneys, the combination of thiazide diuretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will be prescribed in severe nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
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